RESUMO
In this study, we investigated the main constituent, the predominant class and biological activity of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of Pimenta dioica and the pattern of the major constituent against larvae in the third stage of Aedes aegypti. For this reason, we extracted the oil by hydrodistillation, identified its components by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and calculated the lethal concentration (LC50) of the larvicidal activity using the Reed-Muench method. The results show that the oil consists mainly of eugenol, in which the phenylpropanoid class predominated and the lethal concentration, LC50, was 38.86 µg mL-1at a confidence level of 2.25 µg mL-1, while the eugenol standard presented LC5079.75 µg mL-1at a confidence level of 2.10 µg mL-1. Given the facts, we conclude that the oil is more active than the standard and that it has the potential to replace chemical larvicides.
En este estudio, investigamos el constituyente principal, la clase predominante y la actividad biológica del aceite esencial extraído de las hojas de Pimenta dioica y el patrón del constituyente principal contra las larvas en la tercera etapa de Aedes aegypti. Por este motivo, extrajimos el aceite por hidrodestilación, identificamos sus componentes mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (GC/MS) y calculamos la concentración letal (CL50) de la actividad larvicida mediante el método Reed-Muench. Los resultados muestran que el aceite está constituido principalmente por eugenol, en el que predominó la clase fenilpropanoide y la concentración letal, CL50, fue de 38,86 µg.mL-1 a un nivel de confianza de 2,25 µg.mL-1, mientras que el estándar de eugenol presentó CL50 79,75 µg.mL -1 a un nivel de confianza de 2,10 µg.mL-1. Dados los hechos, concluimos que el aceite es más activo que el estándar y que tiene el potencial de reemplazar los larvicidas químicos.
Assuntos
Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/química , Aedes/efeitos dos fármacos , Pimenta/química , Larvicidas , Bioensaio , Produtos Biológicos , Eugenol/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta , Monoterpenos/análise , Larva , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
RESUMO Neste estudo descrevemos a extração, composição química e a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial extraído dos frutos da Pimenta dioica. Para isso, extraímos o óleo por hidrodestilação; identificamos os compostos por cromatografía gasosa acoplada ao espectrómetro de massa (CG/EM); quantificamos o componente majoritário por espectrometria UV-vis e voltametria; e determinamos a atividade antibacteriana contra Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Serratia odorifera pelo método de difusão em disco. Os resultados mostraram que o óleo é composto em sua maioria por eugenol e sua quantidade está em, aproximadamente, 78,15%, cuja classe predominante foi a dos monoterpenos. Além disso, as bactérias testadas com o óleo essencial apresentaram halos de inibição, variando de 11 a 21 mm. Portanto, o óleo é um potencial agente antibacteriano.
SUMMARY In this study we describe the extraction, chemical composition, and antibacterial activity of the essential oil extracted from fruits of Pimenta dioica. For this, we extracted the oil by hydrodistillation; we identified the compounds by Gas Chromatography coupled to the Mass Spectrometer (CG/MS); we quantified the major component by vis-UV Spectrometry and Voltammetry; and we determined the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia odorifera, using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that the oil is composed mostly of eugenol and its quantity is approximately 78.15%, whose predominant class was that of monoterpenes. In addition, the bacteria tested with the essential oil showed inhibition halos, ranging from 11 to 21 mm. Therefore, the oil is a potential antibacterial agent.